Why Do Participants Draw Non-Valid Inferences in Conditional Reasoning?
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
On Non-monotonic Conditional Reasoning
This note is concerned with a formal analysis of the problem of non-monotonic reasoning in intelligent systems, especially when the uncertainty is taken into account in a quantitative way. A firm connection between logic and probability is established by introducing conditioning notions by means of formal structures that do not rely on quantitative measures. The associated conditional logic, co...
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Two competing theories of processing of conditionals (if-then) were tested. Syntactic theories posit that people only draw inferences conforming to the logically valid modus ponens (MP) schema. Mental models theories predict that people draw MP and invalid affirming-the-consequent (AC) inferences. Three experiments tested these predictions. Participants read short stories that conformed to eith...
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Multiple imputation, as described by Rubin, has seen a wide variety of applications. Counterexamples, presented by Fay (1991), and new methods, such as those of J.N.K. Rao and J. Shao, that can asymptotically disagree with the multiple imputation approach, have raised questions about the validity of multiple imputation. This paper identifies critical restrictions on the practical application of...
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We asked people to validate conditional inferences. The results show, first, that people are more likely to look for a falsification versus confirmation. Second, falsification rates are lower for logically valid versus invalid inferences. Deductively valid inferences are inferences that follow necessarily. Our Experiment (N = 96) shows that emphasising this logicality constraint increases falsi...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Current psychology letters
سال: 2001
ISSN: 1376-2095,1379-6100
DOI: 10.4000/cpl.199